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ASCII码,只有256个字符,美国人倒是没啥问题了,他们用到的字符几乎都包括了,但是世界上不只有美国程序员啊,所以需要一种更加全面的字符集。
Unicode(中文:万国码、国际码、统一码、单一码)是计算机科学领域里的一项业界标准。它对世界上大部分的文字系统进行了整理、编码,使得计算机可以用更为简单的方式来呈现和处理文字。
Unicode伴随着通用字符集的标准而发展,同时也以书本的形式对外发表。Unicode至今仍在不断增修,每个新版本都加入更多新的字符。目前最新的版本为2018年6月5日公布的11.0.0,已经收录超过13万个字符(第十万个字符在2005年获采纳)。Unicode涵盖的数据除了视觉上的字形、编码方法、标准的字符编码外,还包含了字符特性,如大小写字母。
Unicode发展由非营利机构统一码联盟负责,该机构致力于让Unicode方案取代既有的字符编码方案。因为既有的方案往往空间非常有限,亦不适用于多语环境。
Unicode备受认可,并广泛地应用于计算机软件的国际化与本地化过程。有很多新科技,如可扩展置标语言(Extensible Markup Language,简称:XML)、Java编程语言以及现代的操作系统,都采用Unicode编码。
Unicode可以表示中文。
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