page.json

{"parse":{"title":"Title","pageid":226160,"text":{"*":"<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote\">For other uses, see <a href=\"/wiki/Title_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Title (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-disambig\">Title (disambiguation)</a>.</div>\n<table class=\"metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove\" role=\"presentation\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\">\n<div style=\"width:52px\"><a href=\"/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg\" class=\"image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"39\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"262\" data-file-height=\"204\" /></a></div>\n</td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text\"><span class=\"mbox-text-span\">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability\" title=\"Wikipedia:Verifiability\">verification</a></b>. <span class=\"hide-when-compact\">Please help <a class=\"external text\" href=\"//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit\">improve this article</a> by <a href=\"/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1\" title=\"Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1\">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small><i>(October 2010)</i></small></span></td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<p>A <b>title</b> is a <a href=\"/wiki/Prefix_(linguistics)\" title=\"Prefix (linguistics)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">prefix</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Suffix_(name)\" title=\"Suffix (name)\">suffix</a> added to someone's name in certain contexts. It may signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted before a last name (for example, <i><a href=\"/wiki/Count\" title=\"Count\">Graf</a></i> in <a href=\"/wiki/German_language\" title=\"German language\">German</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)\" title=\"Cardinal (Catholicism)\">Cardinal</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Catholic_church\" title=\"Catholic church\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Catholic</a> usage or clerical titles such as <a href=\"/wiki/Archbishop\" title=\"Archbishop\">Archbishop</a>). Some titles are <a href=\"/wiki/Hereditary_title\" title=\"Hereditary title\">hereditary</a>.</p>\n<p></p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\">\n<div id=\"toctitle\">\n<h2>Contents</h2>\n</div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"#Types\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Types</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"#Titles_in_English-speaking_areas\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Titles in English-speaking areas</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"#Legislative_and_executive_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Legislative and executive titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"#Aristocratic_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Aristocratic titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"#Titles_used_by_knights.2C_dames.2C_baronets_and_baronetesses\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"#Judicial_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Judicial titles</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"#Historical\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.4.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Historical</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"#Ecclesiastical_titles_.28Christian.29\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"#Religious\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Religious</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"#Priests\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Priests</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"#Used_for_deceased_persons_only\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Used for deceased persons only</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"#Other\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.5.4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Other</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"#Academic_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Academic titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"#Military_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.7</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Military titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"#Ranks_of_other_organizations\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.8</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Ranks of other organizations</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"#Unofficial_use\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2.9</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Unofficial use</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"#Non-English_speaking_areas\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Non-English speaking areas</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"#Default_titles_in_other_languages\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Default titles in other languages</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-19\"><a href=\"#Academic\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Academic</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-20\"><a href=\"#Religious_2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Religious</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-21\"><a href=\"#Honorary_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Honorary titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-22\"><a href=\"#Rulers\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Rulers</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-23\"><a href=\"#Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Historical titles for heads of state</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-24\"><a href=\"#Appointed\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5.1.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Appointed</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-25\"><a href=\"#Elected_or_popularly_declared\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5.1.2</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Elected or popularly declared</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-4 tocsection-26\"><a href=\"#Hereditary\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5.1.3</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Hereditary</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-27\"><a href=\"#Aristocratic\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Aristocratic</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-28\"><a href=\"#Historical_2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.6.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Historical</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-29\"><a href=\"#Fictional_titles\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Fictional titles</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-30\"><a href=\"#Other_2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Other</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-31\"><a href=\"#Historical_3\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Historical</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-32\"><a href=\"#Post-nominal_letters\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Post-nominal letters</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-33\"><a href=\"#University_degrees\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6.1</span> <span class=\"toctext\">University degrees</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-34\"><a href=\"#See_also\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7</span> <span class=\"toctext\">See also</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-35\"><a href=\"#Notes\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8</span> <span class=\"toctext\">Notes</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-36\"><a href=\"#References\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9</span> <span class=\"toctext\">References</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<p></p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Types\">Types</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\" title=\"Edit section: Types\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<p>Titles include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Honorific\" title=\"Honorific\">Honorific titles</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)\" title=\"Style (manner of address)\">styles of address</a>, a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nobility\" title=\"Nobility\">Nobility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Academic_degree\" title=\"Academic degree\">Academic degree</a></li>\n<li>Other accomplishment, as with a <a href=\"/wiki/Title_of_honor\" title=\"Title of honor\">title of honor</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Title_of_authority\" title=\"Title of authority\">Title of authority</a>, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an <a href=\"/wiki/Official\" title=\"Official\">official</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Titles_in_English-speaking_areas\">Titles in English-speaking areas</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\" title=\"Edit section: Titles in English-speaking areas\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<p>The following titles are the default titles:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mr.\" title=\"Mr.\">Mr</a> \u2013 Adult male</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mrs.\" title=\"Mrs.\">Mrs</a> \u2013 Adult females (usually just for married females, widows, and divorc\u00e9es)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ms.\" title=\"Ms.\">Ms</a> \u2013 Adult females (used by those who are not strongly identified with their marital status or don't wish their marital status to be known; the female equivalent of <i>Mr</i>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Miss\" title=\"Miss\">Miss</a> \u2013 Formal title for unmarried females and for female children</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mx_(title)\" title=\"Mx (title)\">Mx</a> \u2013 Gender-neutral title (used by <a href=\"/wiki/Genderqueer\" title=\"Genderqueer\">individuals who are non-binary</a> as well as those who do not wish to reveal their gender)<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"relatively unused, needs verification (February 2016)\">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_(form_of_address)\" title=\"Master (form of address)\">Master</a> \u2013 For male children: Young boys were formerly addressed as \"Master [first name].\" This was the standard form for servants to use in addressing their employer's minor sons. It is also the courtesy title for the eldest son of a Scottish <a href=\"/wiki/Laird\" title=\"Laird\">laird</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Maid\" title=\"Maid\">Maid</a> \u2013 Archaic: When used as a title before a name, this was a way to denote an unmarried woman, such as the character <a href=\"/wiki/Maid_Marian\" title=\"Maid Marian\">Maid Marian</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Madam\" title=\"Madam\">Madam</a> (also madame)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><a href=\"/wiki/Aunt\" title=\"Aunt\">Aunt</a>, Auntie, or <a href=\"/wiki/Uncle\" title=\"Uncle\">Uncle</a> may be used as titles by nieces and nephews, or by children to adults who they know.</p>\n<p>Other titles are used for various reasons, such as to show aristocratic status or one's role in government, in a religious organization, or in a branch of the military.</p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Legislative_and_executive_titles\">Legislative and executive titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\" title=\"Edit section: Legislative and executive titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Hon. (<a href=\"/wiki/Honourable\" title=\"Honourable\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Honourable</a>) (for younger sons and daughters of <a href=\"/wiki/Baron\" title=\"Baron\">barons</a>) and. Rt. Hon. (<a href=\"/wiki/Right_Honourable\" title=\"Right Honourable\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Right Honourable</a>) (for <a href=\"/wiki/Privy_Councillor\" title=\"Privy Councillor\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Privy Councillors</a>), used in the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>MP, for members of the Parliament</li>\n<li>MYP, for members of the Youth Parliament</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Legislator\" title=\"Legislator\">Representative</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Senator\" title=\"Senator\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Senator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Speaker_(politics)\" title=\"Speaker (politics)\">Speaker</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/President\" title=\"President\">President</a> (from which comes such titles as <a href=\"/wiki/Deputy_President\" title=\"Deputy President\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Deputy President</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Executive_Vice_President\" title=\"Executive Vice President\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Executive Vice President</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Council\" title=\"Lord President of the Council\">Lord President of the Council</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Vice_President\" title=\"Vice President\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vice President</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Councillor\" title=\"Councillor\">Councillor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Alderman\" title=\"Alderman\">Alderman</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Selectman\" title=\"Selectman\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Selectman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Delegate\" title=\"Delegate\">Delegate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mayor\" title=\"Mayor\">Mayor</a> and related terms such as <a href=\"/wiki/Lady_Mayoress\" title=\"Lady Mayoress\">Lady Mayoress</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Mayor\" title=\"Lord Mayor\">Lord Mayor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Governor\" title=\"Governor\">Governor</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor\" title=\"Lieutenant Governor\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lieutenant Governor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prefect\" title=\"Prefect\">Prefect</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prelate\" title=\"Prelate\">Prelate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Premier\" title=\"Premier\">Premier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burgess_(title)\" title=\"Burgess (title)\">Burgess</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ambassador\" title=\"Ambassador\">Ambassador</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Envoy_(title)\" title=\"Envoy (title)\">Envoy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Secretary\" title=\"Secretary\">Secretary</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State\" title=\"Cardinal Secretary of State\">Cardinal Secretary of State</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Foreign_Secretary\" title=\"Foreign Secretary\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Foreign Secretary</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/General_Secretary\" title=\"General Secretary\" class=\"mw-redirect\">General Secretary</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Secretary_of_State\" title=\"Secretary of State\">Secretary of State</a>, and other titles in the form \"Secretary of...\" in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Attach%C3%A9\" title=\"Attach\u00e9\">Attach\u00e9</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires\" title=\"Charg\u00e9 d'affaires\">Charg\u00e9 d'affaires</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Provost_(civil)\" title=\"Provost (civil)\">Provost</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aristocratic_titles\">Aristocratic titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\" title=\"Edit section: Aristocratic titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks\" title=\"Royal and noble ranks\">Royal and noble ranks</a></div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prince\" title=\"Prince\">Prince</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Princess\" title=\"Princess\">Princess</a> \u2013 From the <a href=\"/wiki/Latin\" title=\"Latin\">Latin</a> <i><a href=\"/wiki/Princeps\" title=\"Princeps\">princeps</a></i>, meaning \"first person\" or \"first citizen.\" The title was originally used by <a href=\"/wiki/Augustus\" title=\"Augustus\">Augustus</a> at the establishment of the <a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Empire\" title=\"Roman Empire\">Roman Empire</a> to avoid the political risk of assuming the title <i>Rex</i> (\"King\") in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under the <a href=\"/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire\" title=\"Holy Roman Empire\">Holy Roman Empire</a> and its subsidiary territories until 1918 (still survives in <a href=\"/wiki/Liechtenstein\" title=\"Liechtenstein\">Liechtenstein</a>, and also in Monaco although that is elsewhere), and in <a href=\"/wiki/Imperial_Russia\" title=\"Imperial Russia\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Imperial Russia</a> before 1917. The German title is <a href=\"/wiki/F%C3%BCrst\" title=\"F\u00fcrst\">F\u00fcrst</a> (\"first\") is a translation of the Latin term; the equivalent Russian term is <i>\u043a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c (knyaz)</i>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Archduke\" title=\"Archduke\">Archduke</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Archduchess\" title=\"Archduchess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Archduchess</a> \u2013 A title derived from the <a href=\"/wiki/Greek_language\" title=\"Greek language\">Greek</a> <i><a href=\"/wiki/Archon\" title=\"Archon\">Archon</a></i> (\"ruler; higher\") and the Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Dux\" title=\"Dux\">Dux</a></i>(\"leader\"). It was used most notably by the <a href=\"/wiki/Habsburg_Dynasty\" title=\"Habsburg Dynasty\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Habsburg Dynasty</a> that ruled <a href=\"/wiki/Austria\" title=\"Austria\">Austria</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Hungary\" title=\"Hungary\">Hungary</a> until 1918</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duke\" title=\"Grand Duke\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Duke</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duchess\" title=\"Grand Duchess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Duchess</a>. \"Big; large\" + Latin <i>Dux</i> (leader). A variant of \"Archduke,\" used particularly in English translations <a href=\"/wiki/Romanov_Dynasty\" title=\"Romanov Dynasty\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Romanov Dynasty</a> Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until <a href=\"/wiki/World_War_I\" title=\"World War I\">World War I</a>. Still survives in <a href=\"/wiki/Luxembourg\" title=\"Luxembourg\">Luxembourg</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Duke\" title=\"Duke\">Duke</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Duchess\" title=\"Duchess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Duchess</a>) from the Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Dux\" title=\"Dux\">Dux</a></i>, a military title used in the <a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Empire\" title=\"Roman Empire\">Roman Empire</a>, especially in its early <a href=\"/wiki/Byzantine_Empire\" title=\"Byzantine Empire\">Byzantine period</a> when it designated the military commander for a specific zone.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marquis\" title=\"Marquis\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Marquis</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Marquess\" title=\"Marquess\">Marquess</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Marquise\" title=\"Marquise\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Marquise</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Marchioness\" title=\"Marchioness\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Marchioness</a>) from the French <i>marchis</i>, literally \"ruler of a border area,\" (from Old French <i>marche</i> meaning \"border\"); exact English translation is \"March Lord,\" or \"Lord of the March.\"</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Count\" title=\"Count\">Count</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Countess\" title=\"Countess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Countess</a>) from the Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Comes\" title=\"Comes\">comes</a></i> meaning \"companion.\" The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English \"peer.\" It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to \"Dux\" which commanded locally based forces.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Earl\" title=\"Earl\">Earl</a> (used in the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom</a> instead of <a href=\"/wiki/Count\" title=\"Count\">Count</a>, but the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Countess\" title=\"Countess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Countess</a>) From the Germanic <i>jarl</i>, meaning \"chieftain,\" the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Viscount\" title=\"Viscount\">Viscount</a> (feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Viscountess\" title=\"Viscountess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Viscountess</a>) From the Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Vicarius\" title=\"Vicarius\">vicarius</a></i> (Deputy; substitute. Hence \"vicar\" and prefix \"vice-\") appended to Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Comes\" title=\"Comes\">comes</a></i>. Literally: \"Deputy Count\"</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Baron\" title=\"Baron\">Baron</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Baron\" title=\"Baron\">Baroness</a>) From the <a href=\"/wiki/Late_Latin\" title=\"Late Latin\">Late Latin</a> <i>Baro</i>, meaning \"man, servant, soldier\" the title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>In the <a href=\"/wiki/United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">United Kingdom</a>, \"Lord\" and \"Lady\" are <a href=\"/wiki/Forms_of_address_in_the_United_Kingdom\" title=\"Forms of address in the United Kingdom\">used as titles</a> for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as \"Mr\" and \"Mrs\", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord\" title=\"Lord\">Lord</a> from Old English <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hl%C4%81ford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hl\u0101ford (page does not exist)\">hl\u0101ford</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hl%C4%81fweard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hl\u0101fweard (page does not exist)\">hl\u0101fweard</a></i>, meaning, literally, \u201cbread-keeper,\" from hl\u0101f (\u201cbread\u201d) + weard (\u201cguardian, keeper\u201d) and by extension husband, father, or chief. (From which comes modified titles such as <a href=\"/wiki/First_Sea_Lord\" title=\"First Sea Lord\">First Sea Lord</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor\" title=\"Lord of the Manor\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lord of the Manor</a>.) The feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Lady\" title=\"Lady\">Lady</a> from the related Old English <i><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hl%C7%A3fd%C4%AB%C4%A1e&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hl\u01e3fd\u012b\u0121e (page does not exist)\">hl\u01e3fd\u012b\u0121e</a></i> meaning, literally, \u201cbread-kneader\u201d, from hl\u0101f (\u201cbread\u201d) + d\u012b\u0121e (\u201cmaid\u201d), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house. (From which comes <a href=\"/wiki/First_Lady\" title=\"First Lady\">First Lady</a>, the anachronistic <a href=\"/wiki/Second_Lady\" title=\"Second Lady\">Second Lady</a>, etc.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emperor\" title=\"Emperor\">Emperor</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Empress\" title=\"Empress\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Empress</a> \u2013 From the Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Imperator\" title=\"Imperator\">Imperator</a></i>, meaning he/she who holds the authority to command (<i>imperium</i>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Monarch\" title=\"Monarch\">King</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Queen_regnant\" title=\"Queen regnant\">Queen</a> \u2013 Derived from <a href=\"/wiki/Old_Norse\" title=\"Old Norse\">Old Norse</a>/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of \"king\" apparently meant \"leader of the family\" or \"descendant of the leader of the family,\" and the original meaning of \"queen,\" \"wife.\" By the time the words came into English they already meant \"ruler.\"</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tsar\" title=\"Tsar\">Tsar</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Tsarina\" title=\"Tsarina\">Tsarina</a> (Tsaritsa) \u2013 Slavonic loan-word from Latin <i><a href=\"/wiki/Caesar\" title=\"Caesar\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Caesar</a></i>: the name of <a href=\"/wiki/Julius_Caesar\" title=\"Julius Caesar\">Julius Caesar</a> taken by his heir <a href=\"/wiki/Augustus\" title=\"Augustus\">Augustus</a> and thereafter by Augustus' successors as <a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Emperor\" title=\"Roman Emperor\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Roman Emperor</a> through the <a href=\"/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople\" title=\"Fall of Constantinople\">fall of Constantinople</a> in 1453. Germanic loan-word for Caesar is <a href=\"/wiki/Kaiser\" title=\"Kaiser\">Kaiser</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Leadership\" title=\"Leadership\">Leader</a> \u2013 From Old English <i>l\u00e6dan</i>, meaning \"to guide\", derived from Old Norse and Germanic. The head of state of <a href=\"/wiki/North_Korea\" title=\"North Korea\">North Korea</a> is titled Great Leader. The <i><a href=\"/wiki/De_facto\" title=\"De facto\">de facto</a></i> head of state of <a href=\"/wiki/Iran\" title=\"Iran\">Iran</a> is titled <a href=\"/wiki/Supreme_Leader\" title=\"Supreme Leader\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Supreme Leader</a>.</li>\n</ul>\n<table class=\"wikitable sortable\">\n<tr>\n<th width=\"15%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Male\" title=\"Male\">Male</a> version</th>\n<th width=\"15%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Female\" title=\"Female\">Female</a> version</th>\n<th width=\"15%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Realm\" title=\"Realm\">Realm</a></th>\n<th width=\"15%\"><a href=\"/wiki/Adjective\" title=\"Adjective\">Adjective</a></th>\n<th width=\"15%\"><i><a href=\"/wiki/Latin\" title=\"Latin\">Latin</a></i></th>\n<th>Examples</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Emperor\" title=\"Emperor\">Emperor</a></td>\n<td>Empress</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Empire\" title=\"Empire\">Empire</a></td>\n<td>Imperial<br />\n<br />\n<a href=\"/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal\" title=\"Imperial and Royal\">Imperial and Royal</a> (Austria)</td>\n<td><i>Imperator (Imperatrix)</i></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Empire\" title=\"Roman Empire\">Roman Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Byzantine_Empire\" title=\"Byzantine Empire\">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ottoman_Empire\" title=\"Ottoman Empire\">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire\" title=\"Holy Roman Empire\">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Imperial_Russia\" title=\"Imperial Russia\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Russia</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/France\" title=\"France\">First and Second French Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Austria\" title=\"Austria\">Austria</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Mexican_Empire_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Mexican Empire (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\">Mexican Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil\" title=\"Empire of Brazil\">Empire of Brazil</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/German_Empire\" title=\"German Empire\">German Empire</a> (none left in Europe after 1918), <a href=\"/wiki/Empress_of_India\" title=\"Empress of India\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Empress of India</a> (ceased to be used after 1947 when <a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a> was granted independence from the <a href=\"/wiki/British_Empire\" title=\"British Empire\">British Empire</a>), <a href=\"/wiki/Japan\" title=\"Japan\">Japan</a> (the only remaining enthroned emperor in the world).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/King\" title=\"King\" class=\"mw-redirect\">King</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Queen_regnant\" title=\"Queen regnant\">Queen</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Monarchy\" title=\"Monarchy\">Kingdom</a></td>\n<td>Royal</td>\n<td><i>Rex (Regina)</i></td>\n<td>Common in larger sovereign states</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy\" title=\"Viceroy\">Viceroy</a></td>\n<td>Vicereine</td>\n<td>Viceroyalty</td>\n<td>Viceroyal</td>\n<td><i>Proconsul</i></td>\n<td>Historical: <a href=\"/wiki/Spain\" title=\"Spain\">Spanish</a> Empire (<a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy_of_Peru\" title=\"Viceroy of Peru\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Peru</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy_of_New_Spain\" title=\"Viceroy of New Spain\" class=\"mw-redirect\">New Spain</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Rio_de_la_Plata\" title=\"Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Rio de la Plata</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada\" title=\"Viceroyalty of New Granada\">New Granada</a>), <a href=\"/wiki/Portuguese_Empire\" title=\"Portuguese Empire\">Portuguese Empire</a>, (<a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy_of_India\" title=\"Viceroy of India\" class=\"mw-redirect\">India</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Colonial_Brazil\" title=\"Colonial Brazil\">Brazil</a>), <a href=\"/wiki/United_Kingdom\" title=\"United Kingdom\">British</a> Empire</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duke\" title=\"Grand Duke\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Duke</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duchess\" title=\"Grand Duchess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Duchess</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_duchy\" title=\"Grand duchy\">Grand duchy</a></td>\n<td>Grand Ducal</td>\n<td><i>Magnus Dux</i></td>\n<td>Today: <a href=\"/wiki/Luxembourg\" title=\"Luxembourg\">Luxembourg</a>; historical: <a href=\"/wiki/Lithuania\" title=\"Lithuania\">Lithuania</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Baden_Germany\" title=\"Baden Germany\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Baden</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland\" title=\"Grand Duchy of Finland\">Finland</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany\" title=\"Grand Duchy of Tuscany\">Tuscany</a> <i>et al.</i></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Archduke\" title=\"Archduke\">Archduke</a></td>\n<td>Archduchess</td>\n<td>Archduchy</td>\n<td>Archducal</td>\n<td><i>Arci Dux</i></td>\n<td>Historical: Unique only in <a href=\"/wiki/Austria\" title=\"Austria\">Austria</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Archduchy\" title=\"Archduchy\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Archduchy</a> of <a href=\"/wiki/Austria\" title=\"Austria\">Austria</a>; title used for member of the <a href=\"/wiki/Habsburg\" title=\"Habsburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Habsburg</a> dynasty</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Prince\" title=\"Prince\">Prince</a></td>\n<td>Princess</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Principality\" title=\"Principality\">Principality</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Princely_state\" title=\"Princely state\">Princely state</a></td>\n<td>Princely</td>\n<td><i>Princeps</i></td>\n<td>Today: <a href=\"/wiki/Monaco\" title=\"Monaco\">Monaco</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Liechtenstein\" title=\"Liechtenstein\">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Asturies\" title=\"Asturies\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Asturies</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wales\" title=\"Wales\">Wales</a>;<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href=\"/wiki/Andorra\" title=\"Andorra\">Andorra</a> (Co-Princes). Historical: <a href=\"/wiki/Albania\" title=\"Albania\">Albania</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Serbia\" title=\"Serbia\">Serbia</a></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Duke\" title=\"Duke\">Duke</a></td>\n<td>Duchess</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Duchy\" title=\"Duchy\">Duchy</a></td>\n<td>Ducal</td>\n<td><i>Dux</i></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Duke_of_Buccleuch\" title=\"Duke of Buccleuch\">Duke of Buccleuch</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Duke_of_York\" title=\"Duke of York\">Duke of York</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Duke_of_Devonshire\" title=\"Duke of Devonshire\">Duke of Devonshire</a> et al.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Count\" title=\"Count\">Count</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Countess\" title=\"Countess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Countess</a></td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/County\" title=\"County\">County</a></td>\n<td>Comital</td>\n<td><i>Comes</i></td>\n<td>Most common in the <a href=\"/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire\" title=\"Holy Roman Empire\">Holy Roman Empire</a>, translated in German as <a href=\"/wiki/Graf\" title=\"Graf\">Graf</a>; historical: <a href=\"/wiki/County_of_Portugal\" title=\"County of Portugal\">Portugal</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/County_of_Barcelona\" title=\"County of Barcelona\">Barcelona</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Margrave_of_Brandenburg\" title=\"Margrave of Brandenburg\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Brandenburg</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Baden\" title=\"Baden\">Baden</a>, numerous others</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Baron\" title=\"Baron\">Baron</a></td>\n<td>Baroness</td>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Barony\" title=\"Barony\">Barony</a></td>\n<td>Baronial</td>\n<td><i>Baro</i></td>\n<td>There are normal baronies and sovereign baronies, a sovereign barony can be compared with a principality, however, this is an historical exception; sovereign barons no longer have a sovereign barony, but only the title and style</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"/wiki/Pope\" title=\"Pope\">Pope</a></td>\n<td><i>There is no formal feminine of Pope</i> (Popess) <sup><a href=\"/wiki/Title#Fictional_titles\" title=\"Title\">Note 1</a></sup></td>\n<td>Papacy</td>\n<td>Papal</td>\n<td><i>Papa</i></td>\n<td>Monarch of the <a href=\"/wiki/Papal_States\" title=\"Papal States\">Papal States</a> and later Sovereign of the State of <a href=\"/wiki/Vatican_City\" title=\"Vatican City\">Vatican City</a></td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Popess\" title=\"Popess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Popess</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The title of a character found in <a href=\"/wiki/Tarot_cards\" title=\"Tarot cards\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Tarot cards</a> based upon the <a href=\"/wiki/Pope\" title=\"Pope\">Pope</a> on the Roman Catholic Church. As the Bishop of Rome is an office always forbidden to women there is no formal feminine of Pope, which comes from the Latin word <i>papa</i> (an affectionate form of the Latin for <i>father</i>). Indeed, the <a href=\"/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary\" title=\"Oxford English Dictionary\">Oxford English Dictionary</a> does not contain the word.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-2\"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><br />\nThe mythical <a href=\"/wiki/Pope_Joan\" title=\"Pope Joan\">Pope Joan</a>, who was reportedly a woman, is always referred to with the masculine title pope, even when her female identity is known. Further, even if a woman were to become Bishop of Rome it is unclear if she would take the title popess; a parallel might be drawn with the Anglican Communion whose female clergy use the masculine titles of <i>priest</i> and <i>bishop</i> as opposed to <i>priestess</i> or <i>bishopess</i>.<br />\nNonetheless some European languages, along with English, have formed a feminine form of the word pope, such as the Italian <i>papessa</i>, the French <i>papesse</i>, and the German <i>P\u00e4pstin</i>.</p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Titles_used_by_knights.2C_dames.2C_baronets_and_baronetesses\">Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\" title=\"Edit section: Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>These do not belong to the nobility.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sir\" title=\"Sir\">Sir</a> \u2013 Used by <a href=\"/wiki/Knight\" title=\"Knight\">knights</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Baronets\" title=\"Baronets\" class=\"mw-redirect\">baronets</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dame_(title)\" title=\"Dame (title)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dame</a> \u2013 Used by dames and <a href=\"/wiki/Baronetess\" title=\"Baronetess\" class=\"mw-redirect\">baronetesses</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>\"Sir\" and \"Dame\" differ from titles such as \"Mr\" and \"Mrs\" in that they can only be used before a person's first name, and not immediately before their surname.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chevalier</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Judicial_titles\">Judicial titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\" title=\"Edit section: Judicial titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Advocate\" title=\"Advocate\">Advocate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Advocate_General\" title=\"Advocate General\">Advocate General</a> <b>AG</b></li>\n<li><a href=\"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/attorney\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikt:attorney\">Attorney</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bailiff\" title=\"Bailiff\">Bailiff</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Barrister\" title=\"Barrister\">Barrister</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_High_Court\" title=\"Chancellor of the High Court\">Chancellor</a> <b>C</b> (of the <a href=\"/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice\" title=\"High Court of Justice\">High Court</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Judge\" title=\"Judge\">Judge</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Admiralty_Judge\" title=\"Admiralty Judge\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Admiralty Judge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Judge\" title=\"Judge\">Justice</a> <b>J</b>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice\" title=\"Lord Chief Justice\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lord Chief Justice</a> <b>CJ</b> (of the <a href=\"/wiki/Judiciary\" title=\"Judiciary\">judiciary</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Justice_Clerk\" title=\"Lord Justice Clerk\">Lord Justice Clerk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Justice_of_Appeal\" title=\"Lord Justice of Appeal\">Lord Justice of Appeal</a> <b>LJ</b> (of the <a href=\"/wiki/Court_of_Appeal\" title=\"Court of Appeal\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Court of Appeal</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace\" title=\"Justice of the Peace\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Justice of the Peace</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Magistrate\" title=\"Magistrate\">Magistrate</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Promagistrate\" title=\"Promagistrate\">Promagistrate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_the_Rolls\" title=\"Master of the Rolls\">Master of the Rolls</a> <b>MR</b> (of the <a href=\"/wiki/Court_of_Appeal\" title=\"Court of Appeal\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Court of Appeal</a>)</li>\n<li>Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mufti\" title=\"Mufti\">Mufti</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Mufti\" title=\"Grand Mufti\">Grand Mufti</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/President_of_the_Queen%27s_Bench_Division\" title=\"President of the Queen's Bench Division\">President</a> <b>P</b> (of the <a href=\"/wiki/King%27s_Bench\" title=\"King's Bench\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Queen's/King's Bench Division</a>) or <a href=\"/wiki/President_of_the_Family_Division\" title=\"President of the Family Division\">President</a> <b>P</b> (of the Family Division)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session\" title=\"Lord President of the Court of Session\">Lord President of the Court of Session</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council\" title=\"Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Privy Counsellor</a> (or <a href=\"/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council\" title=\"Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Privy Councillor</a>) <b>PC</b> (of <a href=\"/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council\" title=\"Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel\" title=\"Queen's Counsel\">Queen's Counsel</a> <b>QC</b> (King's Counsel <b>KC</b> when <a href=\"/wiki/Monarch\" title=\"Monarch\">monarch</a> is male)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Solicitor\" title=\"Solicitor\">Solicitor</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Historical\">Historical</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\" title=\"Edit section: Historical\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lictor\" title=\"Lictor\">Lictor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Reeve_(England)\" title=\"Reeve (England)\">Reeve</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Seneschal\" title=\"Seneschal\">Seneschal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tribune\" title=\"Tribune\">Tribune</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ecclesiastical_titles_.28Christian.29\">Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\" title=\"Edit section: Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>Titles are used to show somebody's <a href=\"/wiki/Ordination\" title=\"Ordination\">ordination</a> as a priest or their membership in a <a href=\"/wiki/Religious_order\" title=\"Religious order\">religious order</a>. Use of titles differs between <a href=\"/wiki/Christian_denomination\" title=\"Christian denomination\">denominations</a>.</p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Religious\">Religious</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\" title=\"Edit section: Religious\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Abbess\" title=\"Abbess\">Abbess</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Abbot\" title=\"Abbot\">Abbot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Monk\" title=\"Monk\">Brother</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nun\" title=\"Nun\">Sister</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nun\" title=\"Nun\">Mother Superior</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Friar\" title=\"Friar\">Friar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mother\" title=\"Mother\">Mother</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Abbess\" title=\"Abbess\">Mother Superior</a>, and Reverend Mother</li>\n</ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Priests\">Priests</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\" title=\"Edit section: Priests\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<p>Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to <a href=\"/wiki/The_Reverend\" title=\"The Reverend\">The Reverend</a>.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bishop\" title=\"Bishop\">Bishop</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Archbishop\" title=\"Archbishop\">Archbishop</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Boy_Bishop\" title=\"Boy Bishop\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Boy Bishop</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Lord_Archbishop&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Lord Archbishop (page does not exist)\">Lord Archbishop</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Metropolitan_Bishop\" title=\"Metropolitan Bishop\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Metropolitan Bishop</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Prince_Bishop\" title=\"Prince Bishop\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Prince Bishop</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Presbyter\" title=\"Presbyter\">Presbyter</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Priest\" title=\"Priest\">Priest</a> (from which comes <a href=\"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/High_Priest\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikt:High Priest\">High Priest</a>. The feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Priest\" title=\"Priest\">Priestess</a>.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Priest\" title=\"Priest\">Father</a> (Fr.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patriarch\" title=\"Patriarch\">Patriarch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pope\" title=\"Pope\">Pope</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Catholicos\" title=\"Catholicos\">Catholicos</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vicar\" title=\"Vicar\">Vicar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chaplain\" title=\"Chaplain\">Chaplain</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Canon_(priest)\" title=\"Canon (priest)\">Canon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pastor\" title=\"Pastor\">Pastor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prelate\" title=\"Prelate\">Prelate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Primate_(bishop)\" title=\"Primate (bishop)\">Primate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dom_(title)\" title=\"Dom (title)\">Dom</a> \u2013 (from <a href=\"/wiki/Latin_language\" title=\"Latin language\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Latin</a>: <span lang=\"la\" xml:lang=\"la\"><i>Dominus</i></span>, \"Lord\") Used for <a href=\"/wiki/Order_of_St._Benedict\" title=\"Order of St. Benedict\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Benedictine</a> monks in solemn <a href=\"/wiki/Religious_vows\" title=\"Religious vows\">religious vows</a>, but reserved for <a href=\"/wiki/Abbot\" title=\"Abbot\">abbots</a> among the <a href=\"/wiki/Trappists\" title=\"Trappists\">Trappists</a>. In Brazil, it is used for bishops.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)\" title=\"Cardinal (Catholicism)\">Cardinal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ter_(title)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ter (title) (page does not exist)\">Ter (title)</a> \u2013 Used by Armenian priests.</li>\n</ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Used_for_deceased_persons_only\">Used for deceased persons only</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\" title=\"Edit section: Used for deceased persons only\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Servant_of_God\" title=\"Servant of God\">Servant of God</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Venerable\" title=\"Venerable\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Venerable</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Beatification\" title=\"Beatification\">Blessed</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saint\" title=\"Saint\">Saint</a> (abbreviated S. or St.)</li>\n</ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other\">Other</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\" title=\"Edit section: Other\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Christ\" title=\"Christ\">Christ</a> \u2013 Greek translation of Hebrew \u05de\u05b8\u05e9\u05b4\u05c1\u05d9\u05d7\u05b7 (or <a href=\"/wiki/Messiah\" title=\"Messiah\">Messiah</a>), commonly used to refer to <a href=\"/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth\" title=\"Jesus of Nazareth\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Jesus of Nazareth</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Deacon\" title=\"Deacon\">Deacon</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Archdeacon\" title=\"Archdeacon\">Archdeacon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Acolyte\" title=\"Acolyte\">Acolyte</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dean_(religion)\" title=\"Dean (religion)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dean</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Elder_(Christianity)\" title=\"Elder (Christianity)\">Elder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)\" title=\"Minister (Christianity)\">Minister</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Monsignor\" title=\"Monsignor\">Monsignor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)\" title=\"President of the Church (LDS Church)\">President</a> (in <a href=\"/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints\" title=\"The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)\" title=\"Reader (liturgy)\">Reader</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Almoner\" title=\"Almoner\">Almoner</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_High_Almoner\" title=\"Lord High Almoner\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lord High Almoner</a> (Christian)</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Academic_titles\">Academic titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13\" title=\"Edit section: Academic titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote relarticle mainarticle\">Main article: <a href=\"/wiki/Academic_titles_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Academic titles (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\">Titles in academia</a></div>\n<ul>\n<li>Dr. \u2013 Short for <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_(title)\" title=\"Doctor (title)\">doctor</a>, a title used by those with doctoral degrees, such as <a href=\"/wiki/DPhil\" title=\"DPhil\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DPhil</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Medicine\">MD</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine\">DO</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy\" title=\"Doctor of Philosophy\">PhD</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Education\" title=\"Doctor of Education\">EdD</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Pharmacy\" title=\"Doctor of Pharmacy\">PharmD</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Legum_Doctor\" title=\"Legum Doctor\">LLD</a>. Those with <a href=\"/wiki/Juris_Doctor\" title=\"Juris Doctor\">JD</a> degrees do not use this as a title.</li>\n<li>Prof. \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Professor\" title=\"Professor\">Professor</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Military_titles\">Military titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14\" title=\"Edit section: Military titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>Military ranks are used before names.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Colonel</li>\n<li>General</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Commodore_(rank)\" title=\"Commodore (rank)\">Commodore</a> (from which comes <a href=\"/wiki/Air_Commodore\" title=\"Air Commodore\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Air Commodore</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Corporal\" title=\"Corporal\">Corporal</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Lance_Corporal\" title=\"Lance Corporal\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lance Corporal</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Staff_Corporal\" title=\"Staff Corporal\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Staff Corporal</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Mate\" title=\"Chief Mate\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Mate</a>, more often titled as <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Mate\" title=\"Chief Mate\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Mate</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/First_Mate\" title=\"First Mate\" class=\"mw-redirect\">First Mate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sergeant\" title=\"Sergeant\">Sergeant</a> (from which come <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Sergeant_at_Mace&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Sergeant at Mace (page does not exist)\">Sergeant at Mace</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Sergeant_of_Arms\" title=\"Sergeant of Arms\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sergeant of Arms</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Admiral\" title=\"Admiral\">Admiral</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Admiral\" title=\"Grand Admiral\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Admiral</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Lord High Admiral (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\">Lord High Admiral</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Rear_Admiral\" title=\"Rear Admiral\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Rear Admiral</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Vice_Admiral\" title=\"Vice Admiral\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vice Admiral</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brigadier\" title=\"Brigadier\">Brigadier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Captain_(land)\" title=\"Captain (land)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Captain</a> (from which comes <a href=\"/wiki/Group_Captain\" title=\"Group Captain\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Group Captain</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Commander\" title=\"Commander\">Commander</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Commander-in-Chief\" title=\"Commander-in-Chief\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Commander-in-Chief</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander\" title=\"Lieutenant Commander\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lieutenant Commander</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Wing_Commander_(rank)\" title=\"Wing Commander (rank)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Wing Commander</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/General\" title=\"General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">General</a> is usually used as a sort of shorthand for \"general military commander\". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, including <a href=\"/wiki/Adjutant_General\" title=\"Adjutant General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Adjutant General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Attorney_General\" title=\"Attorney General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Attorney General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Captain_General\" title=\"Captain General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Captain General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Colonel_General\" title=\"Colonel General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Colonel General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Director_General\" title=\"Director General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Director General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Generalissimo\" title=\"Generalissimo\">Generalissimo</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/General_of_the_Army\" title=\"General of the Army\" class=\"mw-redirect\">General of the Army</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Governor_General\" title=\"Governor General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Governor General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lieutenant_General\" title=\"Lieutenant General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lieutenant General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Justice_General\" title=\"Lord Justice General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Lord Justice General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Major_General\" title=\"Major General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Major General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Resident_(title)\" title=\"Resident (title)\">Resident General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Secretary_General\" title=\"Secretary General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Secretary General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/United_States_Solicitor_General\" title=\"United States Solicitor General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Solicitor General</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States\" title=\"Surgeon General of the United States\">Surgeon General</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Vicar_General\" title=\"Vicar General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vicar General</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)\" title=\"Officer (armed forces)\">Officer</a>, a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These include <a href=\"/wiki/Air_Officer\" title=\"Air Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Air Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Academic_Officer\" title=\"Chief Academic Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Academic Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_analytics_officer\" title=\"Chief analytics officer\">Chief analytics officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Business_Development_Officer\" title=\"Chief Business Development Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Business Development Officer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Chief_Credit_Officer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Chief Credit Officer (page does not exist)\">Chief Credit Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer\" title=\"Chief Executive Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Executive Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Financial_Officer\" title=\"Chief Financial Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Financial Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Information_Officer\" title=\"Chief Information Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Information Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Information_Security_Officer\" title=\"Chief Information Security Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Information Security Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Knowledge_Officer\" title=\"Chief Knowledge Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Knowledge Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Marketing_Officer\" title=\"Chief Marketing Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Marketing Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Operating_Officer\" title=\"Chief Operating Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Operating Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Petty_Officer\" title=\"Chief Petty Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Petty Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Risk_Officer\" title=\"Chief Risk Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Risk Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Security_Officer\" title=\"Chief Security Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Security Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Strategy_Officer\" title=\"Chief Strategy Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Strategy Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Technical_Officer\" title=\"Chief Technical Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Technical Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Warrant_Officer\" title=\"Chief Warrant Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Chief Warrant Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Corporate_officer\" title=\"Corporate officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Corporate officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Customs_officer\" title=\"Customs officer\">Customs officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Field_officer\" title=\"Field officer\">Field officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Executive_officer\" title=\"Executive officer\">First Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Flag_Officer\" title=\"Flag Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Flag Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Flying_Officer\" title=\"Flying Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Flying Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/General_Officer\" title=\"General Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">General Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Intelligence_Officer\" title=\"Intelligence Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Intelligence Officer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Junior_Warrant_Officer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Junior Warrant Officer (page does not exist)\">Junior Warrant Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Master_Chief_Petty_Officer\" title=\"Master Chief Petty Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Master Chief Petty Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Master_Warrant_Officer\" title=\"Master Warrant Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Master Warrant Officer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Officer_of_State&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Officer of State (page does not exist)\">Officer of State</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Petty_Officer\" title=\"Petty Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Petty Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Pilot_Officer\" title=\"Pilot Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Pilot Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Police_Officer\" title=\"Police Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Police Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Political_officer_(military)\" title=\"Political officer (military)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Political Officer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Revenue_Officer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Revenue Officer (page does not exist)\">Revenue Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Military_rank#Field_or_senior_officers\" title=\"Military rank\">Senior Officer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ship%27s_Officer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ship's Officer (page does not exist)\">Ship's Officer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Staff_Officer\" title=\"Staff Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Staff Officer</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Warrant_Officer\" title=\"Warrant Officer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Warrant Officer</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lieutenant\" title=\"Lieutenant\">Lieutenant</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/First_Lieutenant\" title=\"First Lieutenant\" class=\"mw-redirect\">First Lieutenant</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant\" title=\"Flight Lieutenant\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Flight Lieutenant</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant\" title=\"Lord Lieutenant\">Lord Lieutenant</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Major\" title=\"Major\">Major</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Private_(rank)\" title=\"Private (rank)\">Private</a> \u2013 and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Ranks_of_other_organizations\">Ranks of other organizations</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\" title=\"Edit section: Ranks of other organizations\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as \"Officer\" or by their rank.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Constable\" title=\"Constable\">Constable</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_High_Constable_(disambiguation)\" title=\"Lord High Constable (disambiguation)\" class=\"mw-redirect mw-disambig\">Lord High Constable</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Senior_Constable\" title=\"Senior Constable\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Senior Constable</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/agent\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikt:agent\">Agent</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Unofficial_use\">Unofficial use</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\" title=\"Edit section: Unofficial use\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<p>Some titles are used to show one's role or position in a society or organization.</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Principal_(school)\" title=\"Principal (school)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Principal</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nurse\" title=\"Nurse\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Nurse</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Nanny\" title=\"Nanny\">Nanny</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Coach_(sport)\" title=\"Coach (sport)\">Coach</a> may be used before a name</li>\n<li>Wizard, such as the <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Wizard\" title=\"Grand Wizard\">Grand Wizard</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Imperial_Wizard\" title=\"Imperial Wizard\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Imperial Wizard</a> of the <a href=\"/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan\" title=\"Ku Klux Klan\">Ku Klux Klan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Brother\" title=\"Brother\">Brother</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Sister\" title=\"Sister\">Sister</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chief_Scout_(The_Scout_Association)\" title=\"Chief Scout (The Scout Association)\">Chief Scout (The Scout Association)</a>, the head of The Scout Association,</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Queen%27s_Scout\" title=\"Queen's Scout\">Queen's Scout</a> title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Queen%27s_Guide_(Girlguiding_UK)\" title=\"Queen's Guide (Girlguiding UK)\">Queen's Guide</a> title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement</li>\n<li>Scout, <a href=\"/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)\" title=\"Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)\">Eagle Scout</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Citizen\" title=\"Citizen\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Citizen</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/First_Citizen\" title=\"First Citizen\" class=\"mw-redirect\">First Citizen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comrade\" title=\"Comrade\">Comrade</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Non-English_speaking_areas\">Non-English speaking areas</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\" title=\"Edit section: Non-English speaking areas\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Default_titles_in_other_languages\">Default titles in other languages</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\" title=\"Edit section: Default titles in other languages\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Mrs.#Non-English_equivalents\" title=\"Mrs.\">Mrs. \u00a7 Non-English equivalents</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Mr.#Foreign_equivalents\" title=\"Mr.\">Mr. \u00a7 Foreign equivalents</a></div>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<tr>\n<th></th>\n<th>French</th>\n<th>German</th>\n<th>Dutch</th>\n<th>Spanish</th>\n<th>Hindi</th>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Male</td>\n<td>Monsieur</td>\n<td>Herr</td>\n<td>Meneer</td>\n<td>Se\u00f1or</td>\n<td>\u015ar\u012bm\u0101n/\u015ar\u012b</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Female</td>\n<td>Madame</td>\n<td>Frau</td>\n<td>Mevrouw</td>\n<td>Se\u00f1ora</td>\n<td>\u015ar\u012bmat\u012b</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Unmarried female</td>\n<td>Mademoiselle</td>\n<td>Fr\u00e4ulein</td>\n<td>Juffrouw/Mejuffrouw</td>\n<td>Se\u00f1orita</td>\n<td>Su\u015br\u012b</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Academic\">Academic</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19\" title=\"Edit section: Academic\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Docent\" title=\"Docent\">Docent</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctorandus\" title=\"Doctorandus\">Doctorandus</a>, abbreviated as <i>drs.</i></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Religious_2\">Religious</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20\" title=\"Edit section: Religious\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lama\" title=\"Lama\">Lama</a> and the related <a href=\"/wiki/Dalai_Lama\" title=\"Dalai Lama\">Dalai Lama</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Panchen_Lama\" title=\"Panchen Lama\">Panchen Lama</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Druid\" title=\"Druid\">Druid</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Archdruid\" title=\"Archdruid\">Archdruid</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rabbi\" title=\"Rabbi\">Rabbi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rebbe\" title=\"Rebbe\">Rebbe</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hakham\" title=\"Hakham\">Hakham</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Buddhahood\" title=\"Buddhahood\">Buddha</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ayatollah\" title=\"Ayatollah\">Ayatollah</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Imam\" title=\"Imam\">Imam</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bodhisattva\" title=\"Bodhisattva\">Bodhisattva</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mullah\" title=\"Mullah\">Mullah</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kohen\" title=\"Kohen\">Kohen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nath\" title=\"Nath\">Nath</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mahdi\" title=\"Mahdi\">Mahdi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rosh_HaYeshiva\" title=\"Rosh HaYeshiva\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Rosh HaYeshiva</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saoshyant\" title=\"Saoshyant\">Saoshyant</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tirthankar\" title=\"Tirthankar\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Tirthankar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vardapet\" title=\"Vardapet\">Vardapet</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Honorary_titles\">Honorary titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21\" title=\"Edit section: Honorary titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mahatma\" title=\"Mahatma\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Mahatma</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pandit\" title=\"Pandit\">Pandit</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Swami\" title=\"Swami\">Swami</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ustad\" title=\"Ustad\">Ustad</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheikh\" title=\"Sheikh\">Sheikh</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Rulers\">Rulers</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22\" title=\"Edit section: Rulers\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks\" title=\"Royal and noble ranks\">Royal and noble ranks</a></div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emir\" title=\"Emir\">Emir</a>/Emira \u2013 Arabic Prince/Princess</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tribal_chief\" title=\"Tribal chief\">Chief</a> \u2013 origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain, <a href=\"/wiki/Clan_Chief\" title=\"Clan Chief\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Clan Chief</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Chief&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hereditary Chief (page does not exist)\">Hereditary Chief</a>, and <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=War_Chief&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"War Chief (page does not exist)\">War Chief</a>. The present head of <a href=\"/wiki/Samoa\" title=\"Samoa\">Samoa</a> is titled a <a href=\"/wiki/Paramount_Chief\" title=\"Paramount Chief\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Paramount Chief</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sultan\" title=\"Sultan\">Sultan</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Sultana_(title)\" title=\"Sultana (title)\">Sultana (title)</a> \u2013 Arabic for \"powerful ruler\"</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Maharajah\" title=\"Maharajah\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Maharajah</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Maharani\" title=\"Maharani\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Maharani</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Eze\" title=\"Eze\">Eze</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mwami\" title=\"Mwami\">Mwami</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nizam\" title=\"Nizam\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Nizam</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Malay_styles_and_titles\" title=\"Malay styles and titles\">Dato</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Oba_(ruler)\" title=\"Oba (ruler)\">Oba</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Tor_Tiv_of_Tiv&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Tor Tiv of Tiv (page does not exist)\">Tor Tiv of Tiv</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Obi_(ruler)\" title=\"Obi (ruler)\">Obi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Elder_(administrative_title)\" title=\"Elder (administrative title)\">Elder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chancellor\" title=\"Chancellor\">Chancellor</a> (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Chancellor\" title=\"Lord Chancellor\">Lord Chancellor</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Vice-Chancellor\" title=\"Vice-Chancellor\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vice-Chancellor</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vizier\" title=\"Vizier\">Vizier</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Vizier\" title=\"Grand Vizier\">Grand Vizier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kim_Jong-il\" title=\"Kim Jong-il\">Kim Jong-il</a> was referred to as \"Dear Leader\" and \"Supreme Leader\". The title now refers to his successive son <a href=\"/wiki/Kim_Jong-un\" title=\"Kim Jong-un\">Kim Jong-un</a>. (\uce5c\uc560\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790, ch'inaehan\u016dn jidoja)</li>\n</ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Historical_titles_for_heads_of_state\">Historical titles for heads of state</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23\" title=\"Edit section: Historical titles for heads of state\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<p>The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.</p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Appointed\">Appointed</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24\" title=\"Edit section: Appointed\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Caesar_(title)\" title=\"Caesar (title)\">Caesar</a> (an honorific family name passed through Roman emperors by adoption)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Legatus\" title=\"Legatus\">Legate</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tetrarchy\" title=\"Tetrarchy\">Tetrarch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Satrap\" title=\"Satrap\">Satrap</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Elected_or_popularly_declared\">Elected or popularly declared</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25\" title=\"Edit section: Elected or popularly declared\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Archon\" title=\"Archon\">Archon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Caudillo\" title=\"Caudillo\">Caudillo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Consul\" title=\"Consul\">Consul</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Decemvir\" title=\"Decemvir\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Decemvir</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Roman_dictator\" title=\"Roman dictator\">Roman dictator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doge\" title=\"Doge\">Doge</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Duce\" title=\"Duce\">Duce</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/F%C3%BChrer\" title=\"F\u00fchrer\">F\u00fchrer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Imperator\" title=\"Imperator\">Imperator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Protector\" title=\"Lord Protector\">Lord Protector</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Triumvir\" title=\"Triumvir\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Triumvir</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Hereditary\">Hereditary</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26\" title=\"Edit section: Hereditary\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patil\" title=\"Patil\">Patil</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pharaoh\" title=\"Pharaoh\">Pharaoh</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Basileus\" title=\"Basileus\">Basileus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Caliph\" title=\"Caliph\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Caliph</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Khagan\" title=\"Khagan\">Khagan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Khan_(title)\" title=\"Khan (title)\">Khan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/King-Emperor\" title=\"King-Emperor\">King-Emperor</a> (The feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mirza\" title=\"Mirza\">Mirza</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Malik\" title=\"Malik\">Malik</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan\" title=\"Emperor of Japan\">Mikado</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nawab\" title=\"Nawab\">Nawab</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Negus\" title=\"Negus\">Negus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Queen_regnant\" title=\"Queen regnant\">Regina</a> (the masculine form is <a href=\"/wiki/King\" title=\"King\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Rex</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saopha\" title=\"Saopha\">Saopha</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sapa_Inca\" title=\"Sapa Inca\">Sapa Inca</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shah\" title=\"Shah\">Shah</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tsar\" title=\"Tsar\">Tsar</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Africa\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Almami\" title=\"Almami\">Almamy</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Fulani\" title=\"Fulani\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Fulani</a> people of west Africa</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Asante\" title=\"List of rulers of Asante\">Asantehene</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Ashanti_people\" title=\"Ashanti people\">Ashanti</a>, title of the King of the <a href=\"/wiki/Ashanti_people\" title=\"Ashanti people\">Ashanti</a> People in <a href=\"/wiki/Ghana\" title=\"Ghana\">Ghana</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Igbo_people\" title=\"Igbo people\">Eze</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Igbo_people\" title=\"Igbo people\">Igbo people</a> of <a href=\"/wiki/Nigeria\" title=\"Nigeria\">Nigeria</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kabaka_of_Buganda\" title=\"Kabaka of Buganda\">Kabaka</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Baganda\" title=\"Baganda\">Baganda</a> people of Buganda in Uganda</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Negus\" title=\"Negus\">Negus</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Ethiopia\" title=\"Ethiopia\">Ethiopia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Oba_(king)\" title=\"Oba (king)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Oba</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Yoruba_people\" title=\"Yoruba people\">Yoruba people</a> of <a href=\"/wiki/Nigeria\" title=\"Nigeria\">Nigeria</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Omukama\" title=\"Omukama\">Omukama</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Bunyoro\" title=\"Bunyoro\">Bunyoro</a>, title of some Emperors/kings in Uganda</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pharaoh\" title=\"Pharaoh\">Pharaoh</a> \u2013 ancient Egypt</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mwami\" title=\"Mwami\">Mwami</a> \u2013 Kings of <a href=\"/wiki/Rwanda\" title=\"Rwanda\">Rwanda</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Burundi\" title=\"Burundi\">Burundi</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Asia\n<ul>\n<li>Arasan/<a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Arasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Arasi (page does not exist)\">Arasi</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Tamil_Nadu\" title=\"Tamil Nadu\">Tamil Nadu</a> (India), <a href=\"/wiki/Sri_Lanka\" title=\"Sri Lanka\">Sri Lanka</a></li>\n<li>Bayin \u2013 The title given to the king of pre colonial <a href=\"/wiki/Burma\" title=\"Burma\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Burma</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej\" title=\"Bhumibol Adulyadej\">Phrabat Somdej Phrachaoyuhua</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/King_of_Thailand\" title=\"King of Thailand\" class=\"mw-redirect\">King of Thailand</a> (Siam), the title literally means \"The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)\" (This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Druk_Gyalpo\" title=\"Druk Gyalpo\">Druk Gyalpo</a> \u2014 hereditary title given to the king of <a href=\"/wiki/Bhutan\" title=\"Bhutan\">Bhutan</a></li>\n<li>Chakrawarti Raja \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Sri_Lanka\" title=\"Sri Lanka\">Sri Lanka</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chogyal\" title=\"Chogyal\">Chogyal</a> \u2014 \"Divine Ruler\" \u2014 ruled Sikkim until 1975</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Datu\" title=\"Datu\">Datu</a> \u2013 pre-colonial Philippines</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Engku_or_Ungku&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Engku or Ungku (page does not exist)\">Engku or Ungku</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Malaysia\" title=\"Malaysia\">Malaysia</a>, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emperor_of_China\" title=\"Emperor of China\">Hu\u00e1ngd\u00ec</a> \u2013 Imperial China (Emperor)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Korean_monarchs\" title=\"List of Korean monarchs\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Hwangje</a> \u2013 Self-styled Korean \"emperor\"; states that unified Korea</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_monarchs\" title=\"List of Vietnamese monarchs\">Hoang De</a> \u2013 Self-styled Vietnamese \"emperor\"; unified Vietnam</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Meurah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Meurah (page does not exist)\">Meurah</a> \u2013 Aceh before Islam</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Patil\" title=\"Patil\">Patil</a> \u2013 meaning \"head\" or \"chief\" is an Indian title.The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Maharajah\" title=\"Maharajah\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Maha raja</a>/feminine form is Maharani \u2013 Emperor, Empress <a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Sri_Lanka\" title=\"Sri Lanka\">Sri Lanka</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Racha\" title=\"Racha\">Racha</a> \u2013 Thailand, same meaning as Raja</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Raja\" title=\"Raja\">Raja</a> \u2013 pre-colonial Philippines</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Raja\" title=\"Raja\">Raja</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Malaysia\" title=\"Malaysia\">Malaysia</a>, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Raja\" title=\"Raja\">Raja</a> \u2013 Nepal King</li>\n<li>Rani \u2013 Nepali Queen</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hari\" title=\"Hari\">Hari</a> \u2013 Filipino title for king</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Patabendige&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Patabendige (page does not exist)\">Patabenda</a> \u2013 Sub- king <a href=\"/wiki/Sri_lanka\" title=\"Sri lanka\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sri lanka</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Norodom_Sihamoni\" title=\"Norodom Sihamoni\">Preah Karuna Preah Bat S\u00e2mdech Preah B\u00e2romneath</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/King_of_Cambodia\" title=\"King of Cambodia\" class=\"mw-redirect\">King of Cambodia</a> <a href=\"/wiki/Khmer_language\" title=\"Khmer language\">Khmer</a>, the title literally means \"The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)\" (This royal title doesn't refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Qaghan\" title=\"Qaghan\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Qaghan</a> \u2013 Central Asian Tribes</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Saopha\" title=\"Saopha\">Saopha</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Shan_people\" title=\"Shan people\">Shan</a>, king of <a href=\"/wiki/Shan_people\" title=\"Shan people\">Shan</a>, today as a part of <a href=\"/wiki/Myanmar\" title=\"Myanmar\">Myanmar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Rulers_of_Surakarta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Rulers of Surakarta (page does not exist)\">Susuhanan</a> \u2013 the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shahinshah\" title=\"Shahinshah\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Shahinshah</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Padshah\" title=\"Padshah\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Padshah</a> or Badshah- <a href=\"/wiki/Persia\" title=\"Persia\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Persian</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Iran\" title=\"Iran\">Iranian</a> \"King of Kings\" or Persian rulers in <a href=\"/wiki/Hindustan\" title=\"Hindustan\">Hindustan</a>(<a href=\"/wiki/India\" title=\"India\">India</a>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shah\" title=\"Shah\">Shah</a> \u2013 Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheikh\" title=\"Sheikh\">Sheikh</a> \u2013 Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of (<a href=\"/wiki/Bahrain\" title=\"Bahrain\">Bahrain</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Kuwait\" title=\"Kuwait\">Kuwait</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Qatar\" title=\"Qatar\">Qatar</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/UAE\" title=\"UAE\" class=\"mw-redirect\">UAE</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sultan\" title=\"Sultan\">Sultan</a>/<a href=\"/wiki/Sultana_(title)\" title=\"Sultana (title)\">Sultana</a> \u2013 Arabic King (present <a href=\"/wiki/Oman\" title=\"Oman\">Oman</a> and former <a href=\"/wiki/Ottoman_Empire\" title=\"Ottoman Empire\">Ottoman Empire</a>)\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aceh\" title=\"Aceh\">Aceh</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Brunei\" title=\"Brunei\">Brunei</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Java\" title=\"Java\">Java</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Oman\" title=\"Oman\">Oman</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Malaysia\" title=\"Malaysia\">Malaysia</a>, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Syed\" title=\"Syed\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Syed</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Islamic_World\" title=\"Islamic World\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Islamic World</a>, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan\" title=\"Emperor of Japan\">Tenn\u014d or Mikado</a> \u2013 Japan\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sumeramikoto\" title=\"Sumeramikoto\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sumeramikoto</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Okimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Okimi (page does not exist)\">Okimi</a> \u2013 Japan, king</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shogun\" title=\"Shogun\">Shogun</a> \u2013 Japanese <a href=\"/wiki/Military_dictator\" title=\"Military dictator\" class=\"mw-redirect\">military dictator</a>, always a <a href=\"/wiki/Samurai\" title=\"Samurai\">Samurai</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tengku\" title=\"Tengku\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Tengku</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Malaysia\" title=\"Malaysia\">Malaysia</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Indonesia\" title=\"Indonesia\">Indonesia</a>, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Veyndhan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Veyndhan (page does not exist)\">Veyndhan</a>, ko/<a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Arasi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Arasi (page does not exist)\">Arasi</a> \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Tamil_Nadu\" title=\"Tamil Nadu\">Tamil Nadu</a>(India)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Chinese_nobility#Wang_.28King.29_and_Huangdi_.28Emperor.29\" title=\"Chinese nobility\">Wang</a> (King) \u2013 pre-Imperial China. In <a href=\"/wiki/China\" title=\"China\">China</a>, \"king\" is the usual translation for the term <i>wang</i> \u738b.\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Korean_monarchs\" title=\"List of Korean monarchs\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Wang</a> \u2013 States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_monarchs\" title=\"List of Vietnamese monarchs\">Vuong</a> \u2013 States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong\" title=\"Yang di-Pertuan Agong\">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> \u2013 Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mirza\" title=\"Mirza\">Mirza</a>, Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Beg_(title)\" title=\"Beg (title)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Beg</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Begzada\" title=\"Begzada\">Begzada</a> or Begzadi, son-daughter of <i>Beg</i>), <a href=\"/wiki/Baig\" title=\"Baig\">Baig</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Bey\" title=\"Bey\">Bey</a> in Under <i>Mirza</i> &amp; using King or Military title.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Europe\n<ul>\n<li>Arqa/Thagavor \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/King_of_Armenia\" title=\"King of Armenia\" class=\"mw-redirect\">King of Armenia</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Germanic_king\" title=\"Germanic king\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Germanic king</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fb%C3%BCrger\" title=\"Gro\u00dfb\u00fcrger\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Gro\u00dfb\u00fcrger</a>/Gro\u00dfb\u00fcrgerin (English: Grand Burgher) \u2013 historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of the <a href=\"/wiki/Ruling_class\" title=\"Ruling class\">ruling class</a> in autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under the <a href=\"/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire\" title=\"Holy Roman Empire\">Holy Roman Empire</a>, ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Basileus\" title=\"Basileus\">Basileus</a> \u2013 Greek ruler</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Despot_(court_title)\" title=\"Despot (court title)\">Despot</a>, a <a href=\"/wiki/Byzantine\" title=\"Byzantine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Byzantine</a> court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the <a href=\"/wiki/Latin_Empire\" title=\"Latin Empire\">Latin Empire</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Bulgaria\" title=\"Bulgaria\">Bulgaria</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Serbia\" title=\"Serbia\">Serbia</a>, and the <a href=\"/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond\" title=\"Empire of Trebizond\">Empire of Trebizond</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Vez%C3%A9r\" title=\"Vez\u00e9r\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vez\u00e9r</a> \u2013 Ancient Hungarian</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fejedelem\" title=\"Fejedelem\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Fejedelem</a> \u2013 Ancient/Medieval Hungarian</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tsar\" title=\"Tsar\">Tsar</a> \u2013 the ruler of Imperial Russia</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Voivode\" title=\"Voivode\">Vojvoda</a> (Serbian)/<a href=\"/wiki/Voivode\" title=\"Voivode\">Vajda</a> (Hungarian) \u2013 Serbian/Hungarian/<a href=\"/wiki/Romani_people\" title=\"Romani people\">Romany</a> Title</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Domn\" title=\"Domn\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Domn</a> (in Romanian) /Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) \u2013 Medieval Romania (<a href=\"/wiki/Moldova\" title=\"Moldova\">Moldova</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wallachia\" title=\"Wallachia\">Wallachia</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/R%C3%AD\" title=\"R\u00ed\">R\u00ed</a>, R\u00ed t\u00faaithe, Ruiri, R\u00ed ruireach, and <a href=\"/wiki/Ard_R%C3%AD\" title=\"Ard R\u00ed\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Ard R\u00ed</a> \u2013 King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, and <a href=\"/wiki/High_King\" title=\"High King\" class=\"mw-redirect\">High King</a> in <a href=\"/wiki/Gaels\" title=\"Gaels\">Gaelic</a> Ireland, also Scotland</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kniaz%27\" title=\"Kniaz'\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Kniaz'</a>/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as \"prince\") \u2013 Kievan Rus'/Serbia</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kaiser\" title=\"Kaiser\">Kaiser</a> \u2013 Imperial Germany</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tsar\" title=\"Tsar\">Tsar</a>/Tsaritsa \u2013 Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kunigaikshtis\" title=\"Kunigaikshtis\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Kunigaikshtis</a> (Kunigaik\u0161tis) \u2013 <a href=\"/wiki/Lithuania\" title=\"Lithuania\">Lithuanian</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Duke\" title=\"Duke\">duke</a> as in <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania\" title=\"Grand Duchy of Lithuania\">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/%C5%BDupan\" title=\"\u017dupan\">\u017dupan</a> sometimes Veliki \u017dupan (Grand \u017dupan) \u2013 Serbia, Croatia</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Autocrator\" title=\"Autocrator\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Autocrator</a> Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Oceania\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tribal_chief\" title=\"Tribal chief\">Chieftain</a> \u2013 Leader of a tribe or clan.</li>\n<li><i>Tu<span class=\"unicode\">\u02bb</span>i</i> or <i>tui</i> \u2013 there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. <a href=\"/wiki/Samoa\" title=\"Samoa\">Samoa</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Tonga\" title=\"Tonga\">Tonga</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna\" title=\"Wallis and Futuna\">Wallis and Futuna</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Nauru\" title=\"Nauru\">Nauru</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=%27eiki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"'eiki (page does not exist)\">hou<span class=\"unicode\">\u02bb</span>eiki</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Fa%27amatai\" title=\"Fa'amatai\">matai</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ali%27i\" title=\"Ali'i\" class=\"mw-redirect\">ali<span class=\"unicode\">\u02bb</span>i</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=T%C5%ABlafale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"T\u016blafale (page does not exist)\">t\u016blafale</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Tavana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Tavana (page does not exist)\">tavana</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Ariki\" title=\"Ariki\">ariki</a> \u2013 usually translated as \"chief\" in various Polynesian countries.</li>\n<li>\"Mo'i\" normally translated as King is a title used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold that title was Queen Lili'uokalani.<sup class=\"noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact\" style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">[<i><a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed\" title=\"Wikipedia:Citation needed\"><span title=\"This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2009)\">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Aristocratic\">Aristocratic</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27\" title=\"Edit section: Aristocratic\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote\">See also: <a href=\"/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks\" title=\"Royal and noble ranks\">Royal and noble ranks</a></div>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Historical_2\">Historical</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28\" title=\"Edit section: Historical\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h4>\n<p><b>Russian:</b></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Boyar\" title=\"Boyar\">Boyarin</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dyak_(clerk)\" title=\"Dyak (clerk)\">Dyak</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Knyaz\" title=\"Knyaz\">Knyaz</a> (and <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Prince\" title=\"Grand Prince\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Veliky Knyaz</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Namestnik\" title=\"Namestnik\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Namestnik</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Okolnichy\" title=\"Okolnichy\">Okolnichy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Posadnik\" title=\"Posadnik\">Posadnik</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Voyevoda\" title=\"Voyevoda\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Voyevoda</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><b>German:</b></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Burggraf\" title=\"Burggraf\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Burggraf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Graf\" title=\"Graf\">Graf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Freigraf\" title=\"Freigraf\">Freigraf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Landgraf\" title=\"Landgraf\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Landgraf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Markgraf\" title=\"Markgraf\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Markgraf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pfalzgraf\" title=\"Pfalzgraf\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Pfalzgraf</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Reichsgraf\" title=\"Reichsgraf\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Reichsgraf</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><b>Spanish:</b></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Don_(honorific)\" title=\"Don (honorific)\">Don</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hidalgo_(Spanish_nobility)\" title=\"Hidalgo (Spanish nobility)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Hidalgo</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p><b>others</b></p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Augusta_(honorific)\" title=\"Augusta (honorific)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Augusta</a> (The masculine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Augustus\" title=\"Augustus\">Augustus</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comes\" title=\"Comes\">Comes</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Concubine\" title=\"Concubine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Concubine</a> (The Chinese imperial system, for instance, had a vastly complex hierarchy of titled concubines and wives to the emperor)</li>\n<li>Ras (which translates as Head)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bitwoded\" title=\"Bitwoded\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Bitwoded</a> (translates as Beloved)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Fitawrari\" title=\"Fitawrari\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Fitawrari</a> (translates as Leader of the Vanguard)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dejazmach\" title=\"Dejazmach\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dejazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Gate)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Kenyazmach\" title=\"Kenyazmach\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Kenyazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Right)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gerazmach\" title=\"Gerazmach\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Gerazmach</a> (translates as Commander of the Left)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gentleman\" title=\"Gentleman\">Gentleman</a> (used as a title is such forms as <a href=\"/wiki/Gentleman_at_Arms\" title=\"Gentleman at Arms\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Gentleman at Arms</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Gentleman_of_the_Bedchamber\" title=\"Gentleman of the Bedchamber\">Gentleman of the Bedchamber</a>, and <a href=\"/wiki/Gentleman_Usher\" title=\"Gentleman Usher\">Gentleman Usher</a>. The feminine equivalent of a Gentleman is a <a href=\"/wiki/Gentlewoman\" title=\"Gentlewoman\">Gentlewoman</a>, or, in some circumstances, a <a href=\"/wiki/Lady\" title=\"Lady\">Lady</a>.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sahib\" title=\"Sahib\">Sahib</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Fictional_titles\">Fictional titles</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29\" title=\"Edit section: Fictional titles\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pendragon\" title=\"Pendragon\">Pendragon</a></li>\n<li>Alpha</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Anarch_(sovereign_individual)\" title=\"Anarch (sovereign individual)\">Anarch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Darth\" title=\"Darth\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Darth</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dominar\" title=\"Dominar\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Dominar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Domm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Domm (page does not exist)\">Domm</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Moff_Tarkin\" title=\"Grand Moff Tarkin\">(Grand) Moff</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Tisroc\" title=\"Tisroc\">Tisroc</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aes_Sedai\" title=\"Aes Sedai\">Aes Sedai</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Asha%27man\" title=\"Asha'man\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Asha'man</a></li>\n<li>Ser</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Valeyard\" title=\"Valeyard\">Valeyard</a></li>\n<li>Khal (male)/ <a href=\"/wiki/Khaleesi\" title=\"Khaleesi\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Khaleesi</a> (female)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other_2\">Other</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30\" title=\"Edit section: Other\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Commissioner\" title=\"Commissioner\">Commissioner</a> (from which come <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=First_Church_Estates_Commissioner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"First Church Estates Commissioner (page does not exist)\">First Church Estates Commissioner</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/High_Commissioner\" title=\"High Commissioner\">High Commissioner</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Comptroller\" title=\"Comptroller\">Comptroller</a> (from which <a href=\"/wiki/Comptroller\" title=\"Comptroller\">Comptroller General</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Household\" title=\"Comptroller of the Household\">Comptroller of the Household</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Courtier\" title=\"Courtier\">Courtier</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Curator\" title=\"Curator\">Curator</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doyen\" title=\"Doyen\">Doyen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Edohen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Edohen (page does not exist)\">Edohen</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Ekegbian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Ekegbian (page does not exist)\">Ekegbian</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Elerunwon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Elerunwon (page does not exist)\">Elerunwon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Forester\" title=\"Forester\">Forester</a> or <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Master_Forester&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Master Forester (page does not exist)\">Master Forester</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gentiluomo\" title=\"Gentiluomo\">Gentiluomo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Village_head\" title=\"Village head\">Headman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Intendant\" title=\"Intendant\">Intendant</a> (and the related Superintendent)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Lamido\" title=\"Lamido\">Lamido</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Marcher\" title=\"Marcher\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Marcher</a> or <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Lady_Marcher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Lady Marcher (page does not exist)\">Lady Marcher</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Matriarch\" title=\"Matriarch\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Matriarch</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Patriarch\" title=\"Patriarch\">Patriarch</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prior\" title=\"Prior\">Prior</a>, Lord Prior</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pursuivant\" title=\"Pursuivant\">Pursuivant</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Rangatira\" title=\"Rangatira\">Rangatira</a></li>\n<li>Ranger</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Registrar_General\" title=\"Registrar General\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Registrar</a> (in a variant spelling in the title <a href=\"/wiki/Lord_Clerk_Register\" title=\"Lord Clerk Register\">Lord Clerk Register</a>)</li>\n<li>Seigneur (from which come <a href=\"/wiki/Monsignor\" title=\"Monsignor\">Monsignor</a> and the French common polite term <a href=\"/wiki/Monsieur\" title=\"Monsieur\">Monsieur</a>, equivalent to <a href=\"/wiki/Mr\" title=\"Mr\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Mister</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sharif\" title=\"Sharif\">Sharif</a></li>\n<li>Shehu</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheikh\" title=\"Sheikh\">Sheikh</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sheriff\" title=\"Sheriff\">Sheriff</a> (from which comes <a href=\"/wiki/High_Sheriff\" title=\"High Sheriff\" class=\"mw-redirect\">High Sheriff</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Subaltern\" title=\"Subaltern\">Subaltern</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Subedar\" title=\"Subedar\">Subedar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sysselmann\" title=\"Sysselmann\">Sysselmann</a></li>\n<li>Timi</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Treasurer\" title=\"Treasurer\">Treasurer</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Master_Treasurer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Master Treasurer (page does not exist)\">Master Treasurer</a> and <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Secretary_Treasurer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Secretary Treasurer (page does not exist)\">Secretary Treasurer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Verderer\" title=\"Verderer\">Verderer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Warden\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wikt:Warden\">Warden</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Warden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hereditary Warden (page does not exist)\">Hereditary Warden</a>, Lord Warden</li>\n<li>Woodman</li>\n<li>Bearer, such as <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Hereditary_Banner_Bearer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Hereditary Banner Bearer (page does not exist)\">Hereditary Banner Bearer</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Standard_Bearer\" title=\"Standard Bearer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Standard Bearer</a>, or <a href=\"/wiki/Swordbearer\" title=\"Swordbearer\">Swordbearer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sayyid\" title=\"Sayyid\">Sayyid</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Apprentice\" title=\"Apprentice\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Apprentice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Journeyman\" title=\"Journeyman\">Journeyman</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Adept\" title=\"Adept\">Adept</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Akhoond\" title=\"Akhoond\">Akhoond</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Arhat\" title=\"Arhat\">Arhat</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bwana\" title=\"Bwana\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Bwana</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Goodman_(title)\" title=\"Goodman (title)\">Goodman</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Goodwife\" title=\"Goodwife\">Goodwife</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Bard\" title=\"Grand Bard\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Grand Bard</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hajji\" title=\"Hajji\">Hajji</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Mullah\" title=\"Mullah\">Mullah</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sri\" title=\"Sri\">Sri</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Baba_(honorific)\" title=\"Baba (honorific)\">Baba</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Effendi\" title=\"Effendi\">Effendi</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Giani\" title=\"Giani\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Giani</a> or <a href=\"/wiki/Gyani\" title=\"Gyani\">Gyani</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Guru\" title=\"Guru\">Guru</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Siddha\" title=\"Siddha\">Siddha</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)\" title=\"Pir (Sufism)\">Pir</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Murshid\" title=\"Murshid\">Murshid</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Historical_3\">Historical</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31\" title=\"Edit section: Historical\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Abuna\" title=\"Abuna\">Abuna</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aedile\" title=\"Aedile\">Aedile</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ali%27i\" title=\"Ali'i\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Ali'i</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Aqabe_sa%27at\" title=\"Aqabe sa'at\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Aqabe sa'at</a> (translates as Guardian of the Church Hours)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Balambaras\" title=\"Balambaras\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Balambaras</a> (translates as Fortress Commander)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ban_(title)\" title=\"Ban (title)\">Ban</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Baig\" title=\"Baig\">Baig</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bey\" title=\"Bey\">Bey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Boyar\" title=\"Boyar\">Boyar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Castellan\" title=\"Castellan\">Castellan</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Cellarer\" title=\"Cellarer\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Cellarer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Censor_(ancient_Rome)\" title=\"Censor (ancient Rome)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Censor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Centurion\" title=\"Centurion\">Centurion</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Circuitor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Circuitor (page does not exist)\">Circuitor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Commissar\" title=\"Commissar\">Commissar</a>, often as <a href=\"/wiki/People%27s_Commissar\" title=\"People's Commissar\" class=\"mw-redirect\">People's Commissar</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Conquistadore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Conquistadore (page does not exist)\">Conquistadore</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Daimyo\" title=\"Daimyo\">Daimyo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dey\" title=\"Dey\">Dey</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Dux\" title=\"Dux\">Dux</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prince-elector\" title=\"Prince-elector\">Elector</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Gauleiter\" title=\"Gauleiter\">Gauleiter</a></li>\n<li>Guardian</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ichege\" title=\"Ichege\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Ichege</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Infirmerer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Infirmerer (page does not exist)\">Infirmerer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Inquisitor\" title=\"Inquisitor\">Inquisitor</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Grand_Inquisitor\" title=\"Grand Inquisitor\">Grand Inquisitor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Jemadar\" title=\"Jemadar\">Jemadar</a></li>\n<li>Kitchener</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)\" title=\"Magic (paranormal)\">Mage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Magister_Militum\" title=\"Magister Militum\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Magister Militum</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Majordomo\" title=\"Majordomo\">Majordomo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Margrave\" title=\"Margrave\">Margrave</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy\" title=\"Viceroy\">Naib</a></li>\n<li>Officium</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pasha\" title=\"Pasha\">Pasha</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Palatine\" title=\"Palatine\">Palatine</a> (<a href=\"/wiki/Ancient_Rome\" title=\"Ancient Rome\">Ancient Rome</a>, the <a href=\"/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church\" title=\"Roman Catholic Church\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Roman Catholic Church</a>, <a href=\"/wiki/Hungary\" title=\"Hungary\">Hungary</a>, etc.)</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pontiff\" title=\"Pontiff\">Pontiff</a> and <a href=\"/wiki/Pontifex_Maximus\" title=\"Pontifex Maximus\">Pontifex Maximus</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Praetor\" title=\"Praetor\">Praetor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Prebendary\" title=\"Prebendary\">Prebendary</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Quaestor\" title=\"Quaestor\">Quaestor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Sacrist\" title=\"Sacrist\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Sacrist</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Samurai\" title=\"Samurai\">Samurai</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Shogun\" title=\"Shogun\">Shogun</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Stadtholder\" title=\"Stadtholder\">Stadtholder</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Steward_(office)\" title=\"Steward (office)\">Steward</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Thakore\" title=\"Thakore\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Thakore</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Voivode\" title=\"Voivode\">Voivode</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Viceroy\" title=\"Viceroy\">Viceroy</a> (the feminine equivalent is <a href=\"/wiki/Vicereine\" title=\"Vicereine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Vicereine</a>)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Post-nominal_letters\">Post-nominal letters</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32\" title=\"Edit section: Post-nominal letters\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<table class=\"metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-move\" role=\"presentation\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\">\n<div style=\"width:52px\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"50\" data-file-height=\"20\" /></div>\n</td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text\"><span class=\"mbox-text-span\">It has been suggested that this article be <a href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging\" title=\"Wikipedia:Merging\">merged</a> into <i><a href=\"/wiki/Post-nominal_letters\" title=\"Post-nominal letters\">Post-nominal letters</a></i>. (<a href=\"/wiki/Talk:Post-nominal_letters\" title=\"Talk:Post-nominal letters\">Discuss</a>) <small><i>Proposed since June 2013.</i></small></span></td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n<p>Members of legislatures often have <a href=\"/wiki/Post-nominal_letters\" title=\"Post-nominal letters\">post-nominal letters</a> expressing this:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Member of <a href=\"/wiki/Congress\" title=\"Congress\">Congress</a> <b>MC</b></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_Parliament\" title=\"Member of Parliament\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Member of Parliament</a> <b>MP</b>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament\" title=\"Member of the European Parliament\">Member of the European Parliament</a> <b>MEP</b></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament\" title=\"Member of the Scottish Parliament\">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a> <b>MSP</b></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Ontario)\" title=\"Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)\">Member of Provincial Parliament</a> <b>MPP</b></li>\n<li>Member of the <a href=\"/wiki/National_Assembly#Other\" title=\"National Assembly\">National Assembly</a> <b>MNA</b></li>\n<li>Member of the <a href=\"/wiki/House_of_Keys\" title=\"House of Keys\">House of Keys</a> <b>MHK</b>\n<ul>\n<li>Speaker of the House of Keys <b>SHK</b></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Council\" title=\"Member of the Legislative Council\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Member of the Legislative Council</a> <b>MLC</b></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly\" title=\"Member of the Legislative Assembly\">Member of the Legislative Assembly</a> <b>MLA</b></li>\n<li>Member of the <a href=\"/wiki/House_of_Representatives\" title=\"House of Representatives\">House of Representatives</a></li>\n<li>Member of the <a href=\"/wiki/House_of_Assembly\" title=\"House of Assembly\">House of Assembly</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"University_degrees\">University degrees</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33\" title=\"Edit section: University degrees\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Associate\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Associate_of_Arts\" title=\"Associate of Arts\" class=\"mw-redirect\">AA</a> \u2013 Associate of Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Associate_of_Applied_Science\" title=\"Associate of Applied Science\" class=\"mw-redirect\">AAS</a> \u2013 Associate of Applied Science</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Associate_of_Science\" title=\"Associate of Science\" class=\"mw-redirect\">AS</a> \u2013 Associate of Science</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Bachelor\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts\" title=\"Bachelor of Arts\">BA</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Architecture\" title=\"Bachelor of Architecture\">BArch</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Architecture</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Business_Administration\" title=\"Bachelor of Business Administration\">BBA</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Business Administration</li>\n<li>BSBA \u2013 Bachelor of Science of Business Administration</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Bachelor_of_Biotechnology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Bachelor of Biotechnology (page does not exist)\">BBiotech</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Biotechnology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Dental_Surgery\" title=\"Bachelor of Dental Surgery\" class=\"mw-redirect\">BDS / BChD</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Dental Surgery</li>\n<li>BDentTech \u2013 Bachelor of Dental Technology</li>\n<li>BDes \u2013 Bachelor of Design</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Divinity\" title=\"Bachelor of Divinity\">BD / BDiv</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Divinity</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education\" title=\"Bachelor of Education\">BEd</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Education</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Engineering\" title=\"Bachelor of Engineering\">BEng</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Engineering</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Environmental_design\" title=\"Environmental design\">BEnvd</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Environmental Design</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Fine_Arts\" title=\"Bachelor of Fine Arts\">BFA</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Fine Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws\" title=\"Bachelor of Laws\">LLB</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Laws</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery\" title=\"Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery\">MB, ChB / MB, BS / BM, BCh / MB, BChir</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</li>\n<li>BMus \u2013 Bachelor of Music</li>\n<li>BN \u2013 Bachelor of Nursing</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Philosophy\" title=\"Bachelor of Philosophy\">BPhil</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Philosophy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sacred_Theology\" title=\"Bachelor of Sacred Theology\">STB</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Sacred Theology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science\" title=\"Bachelor of Science\">BSc</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Science</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Nursing\" title=\"Bachelor of Science in Nursing\">BSN</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Science in Nursing</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Social_Work\" title=\"Bachelor of Social Work\" class=\"mw-redirect\">BSW</a>-Bachelor of Social Work</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Theology\" title=\"Bachelor of Theology\">BTh / ThB</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Theology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Bachelor_of_Veterinary_Science\" title=\"Bachelor of Veterinary Science\">BVSc</a> \u2013 Bachelor of Veterinary Science</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Designer [Dz]</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_(title)\" title=\"Doctor (title)\">Doctor</a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Arts\" title=\"Doctor of Arts\">DA</a> \u2013 Doctor of Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Business_Administration\" title=\"Doctor of Business Administration\">DBA</a> \u2013 Doctor of Business Administration</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Divinity\" title=\"Doctor of Divinity\">D.D.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Divinity</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Education\" title=\"Doctor of Education\">Ed.D.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Education</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Engineering_Doctorate\" title=\"Engineering Doctorate\">EngD or DEng</a> \u2013 Doctor of Engineering</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Fine_Arts\" title=\"Doctor of Fine Arts\">DFA</a> \u2013 Doctor of Fine Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Musical_Arts\" title=\"Doctor of Musical Arts\">DMA</a> \u2013 Doctor of Musical Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Ministry\" title=\"Doctor of Ministry\">D.Min.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Ministry</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Music\" title=\"Doctor of Music\">D.Mus.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Music</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Professional_Studies\" title=\"Doctor of Professional Studies\">D.Prof</a> \u2013 Doctor of Professional Studies</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Public_Administration\" title=\"Doctor of Public Administration\">DPA</a> \u2013 Doctor of Public Administration</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Science\" title=\"Doctor of Science\">D.Sc.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Science</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Jurisprudence\" title=\"Doctor of Jurisprudence\" class=\"mw-redirect\">JD</a> \u2013 Doctor of Jurisprudence</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/LL.D.\" title=\"LL.D.\" class=\"mw-redirect\">LL.D.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Laws</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Medicine\">MD</a> \u2013 Doctor of Medicine</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine\">DO</a>-Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Pharmacy\" title=\"Doctor of Pharmacy\">Pharm.D.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Pharmacy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy\" title=\"Doctor of Philosophy\">Ph.D.</a> / <a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy\" title=\"Doctor of Philosophy\">D.Phil.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Philosophy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Psychology\" title=\"Doctor of Psychology\">PsyD</a> \u2013 Doctor of Psychology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Theology\" title=\"Doctor of Theology\">Th.D.</a> \u2013 Doctor of Theology</li>\n<li>Doctorates within the field of medicine:\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Chiropractic\" title=\"Doctor of Chiropractic\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DC</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Dental_Surgery\" title=\"Doctor of Dental Surgery\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DDS</a> \u2013 Doctor of Dental Surgery</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Dental_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Dental Medicine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DMD</a> \u2013 Doctor of Dental Medicine</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Optometry\" title=\"Doctor of Optometry\" class=\"mw-redirect\">O.D.</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Physical_Therapy\" title=\"Doctor of Physical Therapy\">DPT</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Podiatric_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Podiatric Medicine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DPM</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Doctor_of_Veterinary_Medicine\" title=\"Doctor of Veterinary Medicine\" class=\"mw-redirect\">DVM</a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Master\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Architecture\" title=\"Master of Architecture\">MArch</a> \u2013 Master of Architecture</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Arts\" title=\"Master of Arts\">MA</a> \u2013 Master of Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Arts\" title=\"Master of Arts\">MAL</a> \u2013 Master of Liberal Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration\" title=\"Master of Business Administration\">MBA</a> \u2013 Master of Business Administration</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Public_Administration\" title=\"Master of Public Administration\">MPA</a> \u2013 Master of Public Administration</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Public_Service\" title=\"Master of Public Service\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MPS</a> \u2013 Master of Public Service</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Planning&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Master of Planning (page does not exist)\">MPl</a> \u2013 Master of Planning</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_in_Chemistry\" title=\"Master in Chemistry\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MChem</a> \u2013 Master in Chemistry</li>\n<li>MC \u2013 Master of Counselling</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Design\" title=\"Master of Design\">M. Des</a> \u2013 Master of Design</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Divinity\" title=\"Master of Divinity\">MDiv</a> \u2013 Master of Divinity</li>\n<li>MDrama \u2013 Master of Drama</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Dental_Surgery\" title=\"Master of Dental Surgery\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MDS</a> \u2013 Master of Dental Surgery</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Education\" title=\"Master of Education\">MEd</a> \u2013 Master of Education</li>\n<li><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Master_of_Educational_Technology&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Master of Educational Technology (page does not exist)\">MET</a> \u2013 Master of Educational Technology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Engineering\" title=\"Master of Engineering\">MEng</a> \u2013 Master of Engineering</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts\" title=\"Master of Fine Arts\">MFA</a> \u2013 Master of Fine Arts</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Healthcare_Administration\" title=\"Master of Healthcare Administration\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MHA</a> \u2013 Master of Healthcare Administration</li>\n<li>MHist \u2013 Master of History</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Law\" title=\"Master of Law\" class=\"mw-redirect\">LL.M.</a> \u2013 Master of Law</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Landscape_Architecture\" title=\"Master of Landscape Architecture\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MLA</a> \u2013 Master of Landscape Architecture</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Mathematics\" title=\"Master of Mathematics\">MMath</a> \u2013 Master of Mathematics</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Philosophy\" title=\"Master of Philosophy\">MPhil</a> \u2013 Master of Philosophy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Research\" title=\"Master of Research\">MRes</a> \u2013 Master of Research</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Science\" title=\"Master of Science\">MSc</a> \u2013 Master of Science</li>\n<li>MScBMC \u2013 Master of Biomedical Communications</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Physics\" title=\"Master of Physics\">MPhys</a> \u2013 Master of Physics</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Pharmacy\" title=\"Master of Pharmacy\">MPharm</a> \u2013 Master of Pharmacy</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Public_Health\" title=\"Master of Public Health\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MPH</a> \u2013 Master of Public Health</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Engineering\" title=\"Master of Science in Engineering\">MSE</a> \u2013 Master of Science in Engineering</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Science_in_Real_Estate\" title=\"Master of Science in Real Estate\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MSRE</a> \u2013 Master of Science in Real Estate</li>\n<li>MSW \u2013 Master of Social Work</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Magister_(degree)\" title=\"Magister (degree)\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Magister</a> \u2013 Magister</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Sacred_Theology\" title=\"Master of Sacred Theology\">S.T.M.</a> \u2013 Master of Sacred Theology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Theology\" title=\"Master of Theology\">ThM</a> \u2013 Master of Theology</li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Master_of_Urban_and_Regional_Planning\" title=\"Master of Urban and Regional Planning\" class=\"mw-redirect\">MURP</a> \u2013 Master of Urban and Regional Planning</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"See_also\">See also</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34\" title=\"Edit section: See also\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Byzantine_aristocracy_and_bureaucracy\" title=\"Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Corporate_title\" title=\"Corporate title\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Corporate title</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_religious_titles\" title=\"Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/False_titles_of_nobility\" title=\"False titles of nobility\">False titles of nobility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Hereditary_title\" title=\"Hereditary title\">Hereditary title</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Honorific\" title=\"Honorific\">Honorific</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Index_of_religious_honorifics_and_titles\" title=\"Index of religious honorifics and titles\">Index of religious honorifics and titles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Military_rank\" title=\"Military rank\">Military rank</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Nobility\" title=\"Nobility\">Nobility</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Peerage\" title=\"Peerage\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Peerage</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Political_institutions_of_Rome\" title=\"Political institutions of Rome\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Political institutions of Rome</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Post-nominal_letters\" title=\"Post-nominal letters\">Post-nominal letters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters\" title=\"Pre-nominal letters\">Pre-nominal letters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks\" title=\"Royal and noble ranks\">Royal and noble ranks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Royal_and_noble_styles\" title=\"Royal and noble styles\">Royal and noble styles</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Suffix_(name)\" title=\"Suffix (name)\">Suffix (name)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)\" title=\"Style (manner of address)\">Style (manner of address)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/wiki/Title_of_honor\" title=\"Title of honor\">Title of honor</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Notes\">Notes</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35\" title=\"Edit section: Notes\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<div class=\"reflist\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Prince of Wales is a title granted, following an investiture, to the eldest son of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom \u2013 he is not a monarch in his own right.</span></li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a href=\"#cite_ref-2\">^</a></b></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://oxforddictionaries.com/noresults?dictionaryVersion=region-uk&amp;isWritersAndEditors=true&amp;noresults=true&amp;page=1&amp;pageSize=20&amp;q=popess&amp;searchUri=All&amp;sort=alpha&amp;type=dictionarysearch\">\"?\"</a>.</cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATitle&amp;rft.btitle=%3F&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fnoresults%3FdictionaryVersion%3Dregion-uk%26isWritersAndEditors%3Dtrue%26noresults%3Dtrue%26page%3D1%26pageSize%3D20%26q%3Dpopess%26searchUri%3DAll%26sort%3Dalpha%26type%3Ddictionarysearch&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook\" class=\"Z3988\"><span style=\"display:none;\">&#160;</span></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n</div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References</span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[</span><a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Title&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36\" title=\"Edit section: References\">edit</a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]</span></span></h2>\n<ul>\n<li><i>African Kings</i> by <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Lain%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Daniel Lain\u00e9 (page does not exist)\">Daniel Lain\u00e9</a></li>\n<li><i>Keepers of the Kingdom</i> by <a href=\"/wiki/Alastair_Bruce\" title=\"Alastair Bruce\" class=\"mw-redirect\">Alastair Bruce</a>, <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Julian_Calder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Julian Calder (page does not exist)\">Julian Calder</a>, and <a href=\"/w/index.php?title=Mark_Cator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"Mark Cator (page does not exist)\">Mark Cator</a></li>\n<li><i>Master and Commander</i>, film directed by <a href=\"/wiki/Peter_Weir\" title=\"Peter Weir\">Peter Weir</a></li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http://realtersociety.org\">Realter Society</a></li>\n</ul>\n<table class=\"mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox\" style=\"border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9\">\n<tr>\n<td class=\"mbox-image\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png\" width=\"37\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"1000\" data-file-height=\"1089\" /></td>\n<td class=\"mbox-text plainlist\">Look up <i><b><a href=\"//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/title\" class=\"extiw\" title=\"wiktionary:Special:Search/title\">title</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</td>\n</tr>\n</table>\n\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw1110\nCached time: 20160317133459\nCache expiry: 2592000\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.437 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.547 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2901/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 15377/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 1426/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12/40\nExpensive parser function count: 5/500\nLua time usage: 0.086/10.000 seconds\nLua memory usage: 2.41 MB/50 MB\nNumber of Wikibase entities loaded: 0-->\n\n<!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00%  271.250      1 - -total\n 21.84%   59.251      1 - Template:Reflist\n 18.61%   50.468      1 - Template:Cite_web\n 16.40%   44.481      1 - Template:Refimprove\n 15.14%   41.065      1 - Template:Merge_to\n 13.79%   37.408      1 - Template:Ambox\n 12.28%   33.316      1 - Template:Other_uses\n 11.26%   30.555      2 - Template:Citation_needed\n 11.11%   30.126      1 - Template:About\n  9.83%   26.672      5 - Template:Category_handler\n-->\n\n<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:226160-0!*!0!!en!4!* and timestamp 20160317133458 and revision id 709861269\n -->\n"}}}